Data Gathering and Personalized Broadcasting in Radio Grids with Interferences

نویسندگان

  • Jean-Claude Bermond
  • Bi Li
  • Nicolas Nisse
  • Hervé Rivano
  • Min-Li Yu
چکیده

In the gathering problem, a particular node in a graph, the base station, aims at receiving messages from some nodes in the graph. At each step, a node can send one message to one of its neighbor (such an action is called a call). However, a node cannot send and receive a message during the same step. Moreover, the communication is subjet to interference constraints, more precisely, two calls interfere in a step, if one sender is at distance at most dI from the other caller. Given a graph with a base station and a set of nodes having some messages, the goal of the gathering problem is to compute a schedule of calls for the base station to receive all messages as fast as possible, i.e., minimizing the number of steps (called makespan). The gathering problem is equivalent to the personalized broadcasting problem where the base station has to send messages to some nodes in the graph, with same transmission constraints. In this paper, we focus on the gathering and personalized broadcasting problem in grids. Moreover, we consider the non-buffering model: when a node receives a message at some step, it must transmit it during the next step. In this setting, though the problem of determining the complexity of computing the optimal makespan in a grid is still open, we present linear (in the number of messages) algorithms that compute schedules for gathering with dI ∈ {0, 1, 2}. In particular, we present an algorithm that achieves the optimal makespan up to an additive constant 2 when dI = 0. If no messages are “close" to the axes (the base station being the origin), our algorithms achieve the optimal makespan up to an additive constant 1 when dI = 0, 4 when dI = 2, and 3 when both dI = 1 and the base station is in a corner. Note that, the approximation algorithms that we present also provide approximation up to a ratio 2 for the gathering with buffering. All our results are proved in terms of personalized broadcasting. Key-words: gathering, personalized broadcasting, grid, interferences, radio networks Data Gathering and Personalized Broadcasting in Radio Grids with Interferences Résumé : Dans le problème de la collecte, un sommet particuler (la base) doit recevoir des messages de certains sommets dans un graphe. A chaque étape, un nœud peut envoyer un message à un de ses voisins. De plus, les communications sont sujettes à des interférences. Le but du problème est de calculer l’ordre des envois pour que la base reçoive tous les messages aussi vite que possible. Le nombre d’étapes d’un ordre est le makespan. Le problème de collecte est équivalent au problème de diffusion personnalisée où la base doit envoyer des messages personnalisés à certains des sommets du graphe, avec les mêmes contraintes d’interférence. Dans cet article, nous considérons ces problèmes dans les grilles et dans le cas où le buffering n’est pas permis. La complexité de calculer le makespan minimum n’est pas connue dans le case des grilles. Nous proposons des algorithmes, pour les cas d’interférences à distance dI ∈ {0, 1, 2}, pour calculer des ordres acceptables (sans collisions de messages) en temps linéaire en le nombre de messages. Nos algorithmes calculent des ordres dont le makespan est à une petite constante de l’optimal. Lorsqu’aucun message n’a une destination “proche" des axes (la base étant l’origine), il s’agit d’une +1 approximation dans le cas dI = 0, d’une +4 approximation dans le cas dI = 2, et, si de plus la base est un coin de la grille, d’une +3 approximation dans le cas dI = 1. Nous prouvons aussi que nos algorithmes sont des approximations avec facteur multiplicatif 2 dans le cas où le buffering est autorisé. Nos résultats améliorent des résultats connus dans la litérature et sont prouvés en termes de diffusion personnalisée. Mots-clés : calcul formel, base de formules, protocole, différentiation automatique, génération de code, modélisation, lien symbolique/numérique, matrice structurée, résolution de systèmes polynomiaux 4 Bermond & Li & others

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تاریخ انتشار 2013